O -ring (1) - Operating Principle and International Standards
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- publisher
- XIE
- Issue Time
- Jan 10,2025
Summary
An O-ring is a rubber sealing ring with a circular cross-section, mainly used for static or dynamic sealing between mechanical components. It has excellent sealing performance, elasticity and wear resistance, and can effectively prevent the leakage of liquids or gases.
In terms of sealing principle:
●Uniform compression:
After the circular cross-section is installed in the sealing groove, it can be evenly compressed in all directions, thus generating uniform sealing pressure. Whether it is the fluid pressure from the inside or the fastening force from the outside, the O-ring can be uniformly deformed in the circumferential direction, ensuring the reliability of the seal.
●Self-sealing characteristics:
When there is pressure acting inside the sealing system, the circular O-ring will be further compressed against the sealing surface. As the pressure increases, the sealing effect will also be enhanced accordingly. This self-sealing characteristic enables the O-ring to maintain good sealing performance under different pressure conditions.
In terms of installation and use:
●Easy installation:
The simple and regular circular shape makes it easy to place the O-ring into the sealing groove. During the installation process, there is no need for complicated positioning and adjustment, which greatly improves the installation efficiency. Meanwhile, the circular O-ring is not prone to distortion, folding and other problems during installation, ensuring the integrity of the seal.
●Good adaptability to movement:
In dynamic sealing applications, such as the sealing of pistons and piston rods, the circular O-ring can flexibly deform with the reciprocating or rotating movement of the moving parts, adapting to different forms of movement and speeds. Its circular structure can maintain stable sealing performance during the movement process and reduce the risk of leakage.
In terms of manufacturing process:
●Simle production:
The circle is a very simple geometric shape and is easy to form during the manufacturing process. Whether using molding, extrusion or injection molding processes, high-quality circular O-rings can be conveniently produced. The mold design in the production process is relatively simple and the cost is low, which is conducive to large-scale production.
●High dimensional accuracy:
Due to the symmetry of the circle, it is easier to control the dimensional accuracy during the production process. This is crucial for ensuring the sealing performance of the O-ring, because excessive dimensional deviations will affect the sealing effect. Meanwhile, high-precision dimensions also facilitate the matching with various sealing grooves and improve the reliability of the sealing system.
International Standards
ISO 3601-1:2012: The standard formulated by the International Organization for Standardization, which stipulates the inner diameter, cross-section, tolerances and specification identification codes of O-rings in fluid system sealing devices, and is widely used worldwide.
ASTM D2000: The standard of the American Society for Testing and Materials, covering various performance requirements, testing methods and material classifications of O-rings.
JIS B 2401: The Japanese Industrial Standard, which specifies the size, tolerance, material and performance of O-rings, and is widely used in Japan and some Asian countries.
DIN 3771: The German standard for O-rings is issued by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization).
